For centuries, candidates for St. Louis mayor, aldermanic president, comptroller and aldermen have run in partisan primaries in March and a general election in April.
But the city last elected a Republican mayor in 1943. And in 2011, Fred Heitert, a Republican who had represented southwest St. Louis for 32 years, to Democrat Larry Arnowitz, making the Board of Aldermen entirely Democratic. (Two aldermen elected as independents ran for reelection as Democrats.)
With the city leaning so heavily Democratic, the races are now almost always decided in crowded primaries, which means narrow margins of victory and winners sometimes without the support of a majority.
In an effort to elect candidates with a broader base of support, a group called STL Approves is backing , which is on the ballot Nov. 3. It makes the mayor, comptroller, board president and aldermen nonpartisan offices. Voters could select as many candidates as they want in March, a method of holding elections known as approval voting. The top two candidates would run against each other in April.
鈥淚n just the last five years, we鈥檝e had 13 different elections where candidates have been elected with less than 50% of the vote, often being elected with less than 40%, or even 30%, of the vote,鈥� said Mallory Rusch, campaign manager for STL Approves.
Approval voting would allow voters to focus on issues, rather than candidates, Rusch said.
鈥淭wo similar candidates who are running against each other are at a huge disadvantage,鈥� she said. 鈥淓ven if voters really like their platform, they're forced to choose between the two different candidates. And so the support for that platform gets really diluted. Prop D makes sure that candidates with the best ideas are ones that rise to the top and ultimately win the election.鈥�
Such an outcome is possible if everyone is on the same page, said Jack Nagel, a retired political science professor at the University of Pennsylvania who has helped various associations implement approval voting for internal elections.
鈥淚t may be that some people only approve of one candidate,鈥� Nagel said. 鈥淏ut if there are genuinely two or more candidates that you think would do a good job, but you only vote for one of them, if everybody does that the system collapses to the conventional voting and you may get narrowly supported winners again.鈥�
Gautum Dutta, an elections attorney in California, agrees. He also worries about the unintended consequences of making the primary an important but non-deciding election.
鈥淪ince you鈥檙e no longer picking the de facto winner, there will be lower voter turnout,鈥� he said. 鈥淎nd that would mean that you would have a less diverse electorate. It would be wealthier and disproportionately white.鈥�
That potential impact on voter turnout was one of the reasons the city鈥檚 Aldermanic Black Caucus issued a statement opposing Proposition D, said Alderman John Collins-Muhammad, D-21st Ward, the caucus鈥� secretary.
鈥淚f you only have 80,000 voters, and 60,000 voters vote in the primary, 20,000 are going to vote only in the next election,鈥� he said. 鈥淲hen something is not good for St. Louis, it's terrible for African Americans. So Prop D is not good for St. Louis.鈥�
Rusch said research shows nonpartisan voting improves the chances that a Black candidate gets elected, but acknowledged she did not know about the impact of approval voting.
The Black Caucus is also opposed to nonpartisan elections, saying Proposition D would essentially eliminate the Democratic Party.
The city鈥檚 Democratic Central Committee did not take an official position on the proposition. Its former chair, Recorder of Deeds Michael Butler, told St. Louis on the Air that he believed the changes would make the party more relevant because 鈥渋n a nonpartisan election, folks need the Democratic Party to tell them who the Democrats are.鈥�
There are also concerns about Proposition D鈥檚 impact on ballot access for third parties.
There are five political parties in Missouri 鈥� Republican, Democratic, Green, Constitutional and Libertarian 鈥� that appear on the ballot automatically in every election. But if an established party鈥檚 candidate of the votes cast in two straight elections in a county, it loses established party status in that county.
Proposition D takes away three opportunities for third parties in St. Louis to reach that goal, said Don Fitz, the outreach coordinator for the Green Party of St. Louis.
鈥淎nd so it would be much, much more difficult for any small party, whether it's the Green Party or the Libertarian Party to maintain ballot status,鈥� he said. 鈥淎nd it's another form of favoritism for the Democrats and Republicans to do for themselves.鈥�
The city鈥檚 Republican Party is taking a wait-and-see approach to whether Prop D will improve their chances of being elected, said its chairwoman, Mary Theresa McLean.
鈥淎nytime you're introducing something novel and new, you're always going to get pushback,鈥� she said. 鈥淗owever, sometimes it takes novel and new to really change things. And so I don't want to discount this.鈥�
Proposition D requires a simple majority to pass. If it does, the first elections under the new system would be in March 2021.
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