This story is produced with support from the Pulitzer Center
Ulli Bostr枚m鈥檚 co-teachers at her school, Waldkita Fila, include a dog, two ponies and a half-dozen chickens.
A log pole fence separates the forest preschool from the rest of a woods on the western edge of Berlin, Germany鈥檚 bustling capital city.
鈥淚 think for children it is a dream to be here, because they can be free,鈥� said Bostr枚m, who founded the forest preschool 鈥� or Waldkindergarten 鈥� seven years ago.
There鈥檚 no classroom in this small clearing, just covered picnic tables and a small trailer. The kids spend most of the day on the other side of the fence 鈥� in the woods.
After months stuck indoors and in front of computers, parents and educators are looking for more ways to get kids outside. Open-air classes reduce coronavirus risks. Plus, they鈥檙e fun.
In Europe and the U.S., schools have or expanded school gardens. Forest preschools go a step beyond that. Their advocates say nature should be the tool for learning, not just the backdrop.
The concept of forest preschools started in Scandinavia and is popular in Germany as well. Most are run independently, often with help of a parents group. But they receive government subsidies, bringing the cost down to about 100 euros 鈥� or $120 U.S. 鈥� a month.
Most have a tent or shack and maybe a few toys. But nature is the playground.
Kids should be allowed to roam free, Bostr枚m says, arguing that preschool today often is too structured and serious. As for learning, it鈥檚 more on the fly, like a headcount before heading off into the woods.
Bostr枚m thinks kids sometimes are 鈥渙ver-educated.鈥� She said: 鈥淭hey have to learn to count, and to learn to blah, blah, blah. And you see they learn it here as well but in a different way, in a totally free way.鈥�
On a gray fall day, the kids are all dressed in rain pants, heavy coats, gloves and hats, and rubber boots. They spend nearly all day, every day, outside.
The children lead the way down a well-known path. At an intersection, Bostr枚m asks what the day鈥檚 destination should be. A large fallen oak tree is the quick consensus.
Advocates of nature-based education cite that鈥檚 found it has benefits for imagination, resilience and problem-solving, as well as health. The fallen tree will be a bus, or a ship, or whatever else the children come up with. Mud can serve innumerable functions.
Even before the pandemic, the number of forest preschools in the U.S. was growing, doubling to almost 600 in the last three years, according . Still, that鈥檚 about a third of the total in Germany, which has a quarter of the population of America.
Germany鈥檚 Waldkindergarten educators say the concept of forest learning is uncomplicated. Bostr枚m鈥檚 advice to newcomers: 鈥淭hey only need warm clothes, if it鈥檚 cold.鈥�
And keep the kids active and moving.
Annet Zander, founder and director of a forest preschool in Munich, said she usually gets the same question from prospective parents:
鈥淭he most important question is, 鈥榃hat about the toilet?鈥欌��
There鈥檚 an outhouse, built of wood, of course.
Ryan is reporting on schools in Germany through an Education Writers Association fellowship, with additional support from the Pulitzer Center.
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